Lighting of the reactor and nuclear power plant of the object by rotation (chain connection) method

The educational model of our country is not limited to the establishment of educational institutions that meet the most modern requirements, this model is primarily based on quality, that is, on improving the quality of teachers, pupils, students, educational programs and, ultimately, knowledge. In addition, this educational model, developed taking into account the needs related to globalization, serves as a means to ensure that our country occupies a worthy place in Asia and in the world community in general. the quality and efficiency of education increased dramatically. The material and technical bases of educational institutions have been strengthened. It can be said with satisfaction that the introduction of modern education system is giving positive results today. Now, the task of us pedagogues is to educate our youth on the basis of innovative educational technologies at the level of requirements in educational institutions with modern technical equipment [1-6].

 

Pedagogical system is now able to convey great innovations and changes through extensive use of various innovative information technologies and interactive methods, and thus independent thinking in the minds of students, correct acceptance of current changes and rational decision making. teaches to do. Currently, in such a time when the development of science and technology is flourishing in our country, there are many talented scientists and students who want to further develop innovative technologies, pedagogical skills of educators and science teachers are involved. Among the foreign and domestic scientists who contributed to the development of science and technology, the following outstanding persons are Oynisa Musurmonova, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor. Norboy Artikov, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, Abdukadirov Abdukakhhor, Abdukakhhor Abduvakilevich, I.P. Podlasi, professor, Azarenkov N.A., Bulavin L.A., Zalyubovsky I.I., Krichenko V.G., V.D. Simonenko, V.A. Slastenin Ravshan Ishmukhamedov, Maksudjon Yuldashevb, O.D. Rakhimov, O.M. Turgunov, Q.O. Mustafaev, H.J. Rozhiev and Azizkhojayeva N.N, Shukolyukov A. Yu Sodikov.I.I, Mullaboev K.Yu, economic by N.I. Novikov, V. Vlasenko, V.N. The role and contributions of Myasishev, L.M. Fridman are incomparable[7-12].

Today, the pedagogue conducts a lesson using innovative modern media and pedagogical methods in order to ensure that the audience, i.e. the learners, focus their attention on the topic under study (for example, the topic "Reactor and Atomic Power Station"). training is the main prelude to the introduction of a quality education system in the field of pedagogy. Enlightening the lessons through different methods is the most important factor in increasing efficiency, one of these methods is the "Rotation (chain connection)" method.

 

The rotation (chain connection) method is to ensure the organic connection between the teacher and the students. In this method, there are circular logical chain links, which are listed below:

- the teacher directly with the student,

- student with teacher,

- the pedagogue presents the student with the topic under study (for example, the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant"),

- by the method used by the student,

And connecting the -method with the topic creates a logical circular link. At the same time, both the teacher and the student are active in the audience, and the motivation of the teacher and the student is at a high level. high efficiency of mastering the studied topic by students, provides students with the ability to know, understand, and analyze the studied topic, as well as activity in the audience. Below, we describe the method of rotation (chain connection) as an example of the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant" as follows:

Fig. 1. Expression of the rotation (chain connection) method on the example of the topic “Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant”.

 

Information on the topic "Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant" through the method of rotation (chain connection) is presented to students of groups 50-21 EE and 51-21 EE of the Faculty of Energy of Fergana Polytechnic Institute:

The following questions were asked in order to check students' initial understanding and knowledge of the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant".

-Do you know radioactive elements?

- Enriched uranium?

- Can you make a chain reaction?

- What kind of device is a reactor?

- Give the difference between neutrons and protons?

- How do slow and fast neutrons differ in energy?

-Explain the flow rate of hot neutrons?

- Can you tell the characteristics of the reactor according to its application?

The results of the students' answers to the questions are presented below based on the table and diagram:

Table 1. Preliminary results from students

 

Fig.2. Diagram view of preliminary results obtained by students

Based on the results obtained, the following method was provided with the method of "circulation (chain connection)" to students.

 

It is known that the atom power plant works on the basis of the reaction formed as a result of its separation from the atomic nucleus. In this process, mainly uranium or plutasium atoms will take part in this process.

In the AES to use uranium, Uranian ore is made to the powder. The uranium powder is brought to the view of the metal "tablets" then pressed tablets are burned at 1,500 degrees temperatures. Uranus tablets are used at a single reactor about 10 million processed uranium tablets [13-15].

 

It is known that the atomic nuclei secrete neutrons and as a result, neutrons form new neutrons and huge kinetic energy particles. The selection of the cinema is the basis of the energy station. During the reaction reactor, the energy that is separated during the reaction becomes heat and the heat passes on to the heat[15-17].

 

Then, the temperature in the heat carrier passes through special heat exchangers to ordinary water in the second circuit and boils it.

Fig. 3. The principle of operation of the reactor at the NPP.

1

2

3

The steam produced by boiling turns the turbine. The turbine drives a generator that produces electricity [26].

Fig. 4. General kinematic view of the nuclear power plant[19]

1. The main element of the reactor is the active zone. The active zone is located in a concrete mine. Mandatory components of any reactor are the control and protection system that allows the continuation of the selected mode of controlled fission chain reaction, emergency protection systems to quickly stop the reaction in emergency situations, and all are installed in the main building.

2. There is also a second building that houses the turbine hall (2): steam generators, the turbine itself. Next in the technological chain are capacitors and high-voltage transmission lines, which are located outside the station area.

3. The site has a facility for reloading spent nuclear fuel and storing it in special pools. In addition, the stations are equipped with elements of a circulating cooling system - cooling towers (3) (a concrete tower that tapers upwards), a cooling pond (a natural or artificially created reservoir) and spray ponds [24].

The single-circuit circuit is used in nuclear power plants with reactors of the RBMK-1000 type. The reactor operates in a unit with two condenser turbines and two generators. In this case, the boiling reactor itself is a steam generator, which allows the use of a single-loop circuit. The single-cycle scheme is relatively simple, but in this case, radioactivity applies to all elements of the block, which means that biological protection is very complicated [25].

The single-circuit circuit is used in nuclear power plants with reactors of the RBMK-1000 type. The reactor operates in a unit with two condenser turbines and two generators. In this case, the boiling reactor itself is a steam generator, which allows the use of a single-loop circuit. The single-cycle scheme is relatively simple, but in this case, radioactivity applies to all elements of the block, which means that biological protection is very complicated.

 

NPP WITH 2 RING REACTORS

The two-circuit scheme is used in nuclear power plants with water-cooled reactors of the VVER type. Pressurized water is supplied to the reactor core, and then the supplied water is heated. The energy of the coolant creates saturated steam in the steam generator. The second scheme is not radioactive. The unit consists of one 1000 MW condensing turbine or two 500 MW turbines with coupled generators [26].

 

3- NPP WITH RING REACTORS

The three-ring scheme is used in nuclear power plants with sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors of the BN type. To exclude the contact of radioactive sodium with water, a second circuit is built with non-radioactive sodium, and as a result, the circuit turns out to be three-contact [27].

In order to strengthen the understanding of the students and evaluate their knowledge, they were addressed with the following questions;

-What is a chain reaction?

- What kind of device is a reactor?

-Do you know radioactive elements?

- Can you tell the difference between the energies of fast and slow neutrons?

-Can you tell me the types of reactors?

- Can you tell me the principle of operation of the reactor?

- What do you know about AES?

- Advantages of NPP?

The results obtained are as follows;

Table 2. The result obtained from the students at the end of the experiment

 

Fig. 5. A diagram of the results obtained from the students at the end of the experiment

Based on the results presented above, students were able to fully understand the topic of “Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” using the “Circulation (chain connection)” method;

-Students remembered the topic “Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” well;

- They mastered each process on the topic “Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” at a high level through chaining;

-Students' understanding of pedagogical technologies and educational tools was expanded;

-students independently found solutions to problematic situations related to the topic;

- timely continuity of communication was ensured;

- Conditions were created for the practical application of concepts;

- Various forms of teaching methods were offered;

- The motivation of teachers and students was at a high level;

- The improvement of the communication skills of students;

- The logical thinking of students increased;

- Achieved results such as efficient use of time

Today, the pedagogue conducts a lesson using innovative modern media and pedagogical methods in order to ensure that the audience, i.e. the learners, focus their attention on the topic under study (for example, the topic "Reactor and Atomic Power Station"). training is the main prelude to the introduction of a quality education system in the field of pedagogy. Enlightening the lessons through different methods is the most important factor in increasing efficiency, one of these methods is the "Rotation (chain connection)" method.

 

The rotation (chain connection) method is to ensure the organic connection between the teacher and the students. In this method, there are circular logical chain links, which are listed below:

- the teacher directly with the student,

- student with teacher,

- the pedagogue presents the student with the topic under study (for example, the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant"),

- by the method used by the student,

And connecting the -method with the topic creates a logical circular link. At the same time, both the teacher and the student are active in the audience, and the motivation of the teacher and the student is at a high level. high efficiency of mastering the studied topic by students, provides students with the ability to know, understand, and analyze the studied topic, as well as activity in the audience. Below, we describe the method of rotation (chain connection) as an example of the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant" as follows:

Fig. 1. Expression of the rotation (chain connection) method on the example of the topic “Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant”.

 

Information on the topic "Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant" through the method of rotation (chain connection) is presented to students of groups 50-21 EE and 51-21 EE of the Faculty of Energy of Fergana Polytechnic Institute:

The following questions were asked in order to check students' initial understanding and knowledge of the topic "Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant".

-Do you know radioactive elements?

- Enriched uranium?

- Can you make a chain reaction?

- What kind of device is a reactor?

- Give the difference between neutrons and protons?

- How do slow and fast neutrons differ in energy?

-Explain the flow rate of hot neutrons?

- Can you tell the characteristics of the reactor according to its application?

The results of the students' answers to the questions are presented below based on the table and diagram:

Table 1. Preliminary results from students

 

Fig.2. Diagram view of preliminary results obtained by students

Based on the results obtained, the following method was provided with the method of "circulation (chain connection)" to students.

 

It is known that the atom power plant works on the basis of the reaction formed as a result of its separation from the atomic nucleus. In this process, mainly uranium or plutasium atoms will take part in this process.

In the AES to use uranium, Uranian ore is made to the powder. The uranium powder is brought to the view of the metal "tablets" then pressed tablets are burned at 1,500 degrees temperatures. Uranus tablets are used at a single reactor about 10 million processed uranium tablets [13-15].

 

It is known that the atomic nuclei secrete neutrons and as a result, neutrons form new neutrons and huge kinetic energy particles. The selection of the cinema is the basis of the energy station. During the reaction reactor, the energy that is separated during the reaction becomes heat and the heat passes on to the heat[15-17].

 

Then, the temperature in the heat carrier passes through special heat exchangers to ordinary water in the second circuit and boils it.

Fig. 3. The principle of operation of the reactor at the NPP.

1

2

3

The steam produced by boiling turns the turbine. The turbine drives a generator that produces electricity [26].

Fig. 4. General kinematic view of the nuclear power plant[19]

1. The main element of the reactor is the active zone. The active zone is located in a concrete mine. Mandatory components of any reactor are the control and protection system that allows the continuation of the selected mode of controlled fission chain reaction, emergency protection systems to quickly stop the reaction in emergency situations, and all are installed in the main building.

2. There is also a second building that houses the turbine hall (2): steam generators, the turbine itself. Next in the technological chain are capacitors and high-voltage transmission lines, which are located outside the station area.

3. The site has a facility for reloading spent nuclear fuel and storing it in special pools. In addition, the stations are equipped with elements of a circulating cooling system - cooling towers (3) (a concrete tower that tapers upwards), a cooling pond (a natural or artificially created reservoir) and spray ponds [24].

The single-circuit circuit is used in nuclear power plants with reactors of the RBMK-1000 type. The reactor operates in a unit with two condenser turbines and two generators. In this case, the boiling reactor itself is a steam generator, which allows the use of a single-loop circuit. The single-cycle scheme is relatively simple, but in this case, radioactivity applies to all elements of the block, which means that biological protection is very complicated [25].

The single-circuit circuit is used in nuclear power plants with reactors of the RBMK-1000 type. The reactor operates in a unit with two condenser turbines and two generators. In this case, the boiling reactor itself is a steam generator, which allows the use of a single-loop circuit. The single-cycle scheme is relatively simple, but in this case, radioactivity applies to all elements of the block, which means that biological protection is very complicated.

 

NPP WITH 2 RING REACTORS

The two-circuit scheme is used in nuclear power plants with water-cooled reactors of the VVER type. Pressurized water is supplied to the reactor core, and then the supplied water is heated. The energy of the coolant creates saturated steam in the steam generator. The second scheme is not radioactive. The unit consists of one 1000 MW condensing turbine or two 500 MW turbines with coupled generators [26].

 

3- NPP WITH RING REACTORS

The three-ring scheme is used in nuclear power plants with sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors of the BN type. To exclude the contact of radioactive sodium with water, a second circuit is built with non-radioactive sodium, and as a result, the circuit turns out to be three-contact [27].

In order to strengthen the understanding of the students and evaluate their knowledge, they were addressed with the following questions;

-What is a chain reaction?

- What kind of device is a reactor?

-Do you know radioactive elements?

- Can you tell the difference between the energies of fast and slow neutrons?

-Can you tell me the types of reactors?

- Can you tell me the principle of operation of the reactor?

- What do you know about AES?

- Advantages of NPP?

The results obtained are as follows;

Table 2. The result obtained from the students at the end of the experiment

 

Fig. 5. A diagram of the results obtained from the students at the end of the experiment

Based on the results presented above, students were able to fully understand the topic of “Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” using the “Circulation (chain connection)” method;

-Students remembered the topic “Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” well;

- They mastered each process on the topic “Reactor and Reactor and Nuclear Power Plant” at a high level through chaining;

-Students' understanding of pedagogical technologies and educational tools was expanded;

-students independently found solutions to problematic situations related to the topic;

- timely continuity of communication was ensured;

- Conditions were created for the practical application of concepts;

- Various forms of teaching methods were offered;

- The motivation of teachers and students was at a high level;

- The improvement of the communication skills of students;

- The logical thinking of students increased;

- Achieved results such as efficient use of time

In order to build a great country in the future, we need leaders and specialists who have a different worldview, deeply pure thinking, educated, capable, high-minded, well-developed thinking. For this, it is important to develop a high-quality education system in accordance with the requirements of the times and enthusiasm in the education system. For this purpose, conducting lessons based on modern methods and innovative technologies has been fully implemented in the educational process in our country. This is the most important factor guaranteeing high efficiency. When we use the above-mentioned interactive education method, the students' thorough mastery of the taught subject and high level of recall were expressed through statistical results. The high motivation and activity of students, as well as ensuring the organic relationship between the teacher and students, had a great impact on improving the quality of education. Based on the use of this method in education, it is possible to use it for technical subjects.

 

FUNDING

This article №. AM-PZ-2019062031 was written on the basis of the pedagogical analysis of the materials prepared within the framework of the innovative project "Creation of multimedia textbooks for bachelors and masters in the fields of "Nuclear energy", "Nuclear medicine and technologies", "Radiation medicine and technologies". and we thank the authors of the textbooks.

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