Breaking the Cycle: Why Young Adults Start, Continue, and Struggle to Quit Substance Use

Background: Substance use among young adults is a growing concern due to its psychological, social, and health-related consequences. Understanding the reasons behind initiation, continuation, and difficulty in quitting is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. Methodology: The study utilized a qualitative research approach, incorporating semi-structured interviews with 10 young adults aged 18 to 25 years. The data was evaluated using thematic analysis. A case formulation was developed for a participant, illustrating the dynamic interaction between thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, and substance use, supporting a detailed understanding of individual behavior patterns. Results: The study found that most participants began using substances such as cigarettes and weed during adolescence, with initiation driven by peer influence, curiosity, and stress relief. The continuation of the behavior was maintained through emotional regulation, enhanced creativity, and social bonding, leading to habitual dependence. Withdrawal symptoms like psychological dependence, and social triggers made it hard for people to quit. Conclusion: Young adults substance use is strongly influenced by peer networks, emotional coping needs, and habitual patterns. Effective interventions should address both the social environment and psychological dependence while providing healthier coping alternatives.