Effectiveness of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Managing Adolescent Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex, progressive chronic condition that is defined by either abnormalities of kidney structure or function present for ≥3 months, it is end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Either markers of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate may be present. dialysis procedures stimulate protein degradation and reduce protein synthesis; these responses persist following dialysis, which might lead to loss of muscle mass. Having a specific genetic polymorphism can be a predisposing factor to developing some diseases. This study aimed to investigate the linked between Leptin gene SNP with the development of CKD. Genomic DNA from blood samples were extracted by using DNA extraction kit (Geneaid, Uk), then Leptin gene was amplified through conventional PCR and SNP was discover using restriction enzyme SmaI. The present study recorded the CC and TC genotypes at 370 positions increased non-significantly in control group, while the TC genotype increased non-significantly in dialysis patients than control group. The frequency of C allele increased non-significantly in control group than dialysis patients, while the T allele increased non-significantly in dialysis patients than control group, also recorded by odds ratio a non-significant between patients and control at p. value < 0.05.