Response of Antihypertensive Treatments and Incidence of Drug-Related Problems in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension is nearly universal in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a principal driver of morbidity, mortality, and disease progression. Antihypertensive therapy is fundamental to CKD management, but patients are at high risk for drug-related problems (DRPs) due to polypharmacy and altered pharmacokinetics. This review synthesizes evidence regarding antihypertensive treatment response and incidence of DRPs in CKD, drawing on recent clinical trials, pharmacological studies, and observational cohorts.